When using HTTP/1.1, use Transfer-Encoding: chunked for streamed responses, since it can distinguish the end of the response without closing t

When using HTTP/1.1, chunked encoding allows the client to detect content truncated by a prematurely closed connection.

When using HTTP/1.0, chunked encoding is not supported. Fall back to Connection: close, but this allows no reliable way to distinguish between

An HTTPS request to an HTTP server doesn't show a traceback. https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/pull/838

Return the contents as regular dict. If `flat` is `True` the returned dict will only have the first item present, if `flat` is `False

Convert to a header value.

Returns a :class:`URL` tuple that holds a IRI. This will try to decode as much information as possible in the URL without losing info

Returns a :class:`BytesURL` tuple that holds a URI. This will encode all the information in the URL properly to ASCII using the rules

The topmost item on the stack. If the stack is empty, `None` is returned.

Call :meth:`open` with ``method`` set to ``TRACE``.

update() extends rather than replaces existing key lists: >>> a = MultiDict({'x': 1}) >>> b = MultiDict({'x': 2, 'y': 3}) >>>

The URI from Request-URI of the Request-Line; duplicated because proxies are allowed to change the Request-Line in transit. HTTP dige

The full request URL with the scheme, host, root path, path, and query string.

The charset that is assumed for URLs. Defaults to the value of :attr:`charset`. .. versionadded:: 0.6

Like :meth:`url_encode` but writes the results to a stream object. If the stream is `None` a generator over all encoded pairs is returned.

Build a URL

Alias for :attr:`root_url`. The URL with scheme, host, and root path. For example, ``https://example.com/app/``.

The user agent. Use ``user_agent.string`` to get the header value. Set :attr:`user_agent_class` to a subclass of :class:`~werkzeug.use

The username if it was part of the URL, `None` otherwise. This undergoes URL decoding and will always be a string.

The username transmitted. This is set for both basic and digest auth all the time.

Returns an iterator of the first value on every key's value list.

``True`` if the request method carries content. By default this is true if a ``Content-Type`` is sent. .. versionadded:: 0.8

The ``WWW-Authenticate`` header in a parsed form.