Method refresh

lib/sqlalchemy/orm/session.py:3177–3296

Expire and refresh attributes on the given instance. The selected attributes will first be expired as they would when using :meth:`_orm.Session.expire`; then a SELECT statement will be issued to the database to refresh column-oriented attributes with the current valu

(
        self,
        instance: object,
        attribute_names: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
        with_for_update: ForUpdateParameter = None,
    )

                raise e.with_traceback(sys.exc_info()[2])

    def refresh(
        self,
        instance: object,
        attribute_names: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
        with_for_update: ForUpdateParameter = None,
    ) -> None:
        """Expire and refresh attributes on the given instance.

        The selected attributes will first be expired as they would when using
        :meth:`_orm.Session.expire`; then a SELECT statement will be issued to
        the database to refresh column-oriented attributes with the current
        value available in the current transaction.

        :func:`_orm.relationship` oriented attributes will also be immediately
        loaded if they were already eagerly loaded on the object, using the
        same eager loading strategy that they were loaded with originally.

        .. versionadded:: 1.4 - the :meth:`_orm.Session.refresh` method
           can also refresh eagerly loaded attributes.

        :func:`_orm.relationship` oriented attributes that would normally
        load using the ``select`` (or "lazy") loader strategy will also
        load **if they are named explicitly in the attribute_names
        collection**, emitting a SELECT statement for the attribute using the
        ``immediate`` loader strategy.  If lazy-loaded relationships are not
        named in :paramref:`_orm.Session.refresh.attribute_names`, then
        they remain as "lazy loaded" attributes and are not implicitly
        refreshed.

        .. versionchanged:: 2.0.4  The :meth:`_orm.Session.refresh` method
           will now refresh lazy-loaded :func:`_orm.relationship` oriented
           attributes for those which are named explicitly in the
           :paramref:`_orm.Session.refresh.attribute_names` collection.

        .. tip::

            While the :meth:`_orm.Session.refresh` method is capable of
            refreshing both column and relationship oriented attributes, its
            primary focus is on refreshing of local column-oriented attributes
            on a single instance. For more open ended "refresh" functionality,
            including the ability to refresh the attributes on many objects at
            once while having explicit control over relationship loader
            strategies, use the
            :ref:`populate existing <orm_queryguide_populate_existing>` feature
            instead.

        Note that a highly isolated transaction will return the same values as
        were previously read in that same transaction, regardless of changes
        in database state outside of that transaction.   Refreshing
        attributes usually only makes sense at the start of a transaction
        where database rows have not yet been accessed.

        :param attribute_names: optional.  An iterable collection of
          string attribute names indicating a subset of attributes to
          be refreshed.

        :param with_for_update: optional boolean ``True`` indicating FOR UPDATE
          should be used, or may be a dictionary containing flags to